The Crucible-Theme- 5-Paragraph

â€Å"Even the Good can be Twisted† â€Å"Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter and those who matter don't mind. † ( Dr. Seuss) â€Å"Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil. † (Psalm 23:4) â€Å"God has given you one face, and you make yourself another. † (William Shakespeare) These quotes, found throughout many different time periods of history, all say the same: â€Å"Be who you are and don’t let anything change that. † These are great words to live by, but, in time of weakness, does one stay true?Can even the good be twisted? This is a theme that is represented throughout The Crucible many times. Characters such as Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Reverend Hale had good intentions or morals in the beginning but were soon marred by protecting a lover, temptation, or the questioning of all that one stood on. To begin, Elizabeth Proctor was twisted in a way tha t was out of love for her husband and his keeping safe. In the beginning, Elizabeth was a character that was known for never lying. She was a woman of Salem that could do no wrong and loved her husband abundantly.Soon, though, her incorruption was challenged when she was brought to court to prove her husband’s innocence. Instead of telling the truth, she lied about the affair that John had previously confessed about. Thinking what was best, detrimental to herself or not, Elizabeth broke the one thing that made her consistent. She chose hurting her own conscience and fate over seeing her husband be punished for a crime he actually committed. As a result of this, Elizabeth’s whole character was altered, changing from a purely good woman to a liar.Simultaneously, John Proctor’s character was distorted in many ways. Even before the play began, John had broken his own moral code by having an affair with Abigail Williams. This went against, not just the rules of the c hurch, but his own personal beliefs and everything he lived by. This caused John to have internal conflict throughout the entire play, making him guilt-ridden. This contention was only to him until he openly stated it in court to prove his wife’s innocence from witchcraft. It was a moot point though, because Elizabeth did the same thing for him, damning him to be ried for taking part in black magic. Only in the end did John Proctor feel any forgiveness towards himself. In his mind, he deserved the punishment he was going to endure and wasn’t going condemn anyone else in the process. All in all, John was a noble man but, warped by temptation, was made a man of slander. Furthermore, Reverend Hale was pushed to change also. Hale came into Salem a stranger, but knew how to fix the problem the town endured. He never questioned that God had a plan and always thought that something was either good or bad, with no gray area in between.This thinking is challenged when Elizabeth , a pure person, is accused and then later when John confesses. He knows that these people are honest and leaves the court for a period of time. In the end, Hale is a desperate man, and even though knowing there is no witchcraft present, he urges John to admit that he is not the one that should be punished. He has to question all the rules he has lived by his whole life and pursue something he knows is incorrect. In essence, Reverend Hale is pushed to his limits and is turned into a man that will be permanently in suspicion of any standards he ever thought were true.In the end, as a reader, one is challenged to think, if put in that situation, if he or she would falter from what is right. If one would, knowing that is against every precedent and moral one owns, be brought away from all that is good and change? This play shows this theme various times throughout that the good, like Elizabeth, John, and Hale, would be changed when brought up against acting out of love, lust, and doing what is right. The Crucible is continuously asking the reader, â€Å"Can even the good be twisted? †

Family Delinquency Essay

There are several factors that might lead to inept parenting in single parent households. Among these factors are the available economic and parental resources to children and the stressful conditions that characterize such families. Majority of single parents are economically disadvantaged. As such, they often lack the material resources that they can offer their children. The result is that their children remain uncompetitive especially in school. Their children thus lack status among their peers owing to the inability of the parent to provide things that they may need. Due to the fact that majority of single parents suffer from various economic difficulties, they are likely to live in run down neighborhoods characterized by high crime rates, low quality schools and few community services. The majority of single parents also find it difficult to function effectively as parents. They are in most cases less emotionally supportive of their children, are less restrictive, dispense harsher discipline, are more inconsistent in dispensing discipline, offer less supervision and engage in more conflict with their children (Simmons and Simmons, 2005). These deficits in parenting emanate from the struggle to provide for the family with limited financial resources and attempting to raise children in the absence of the other biological parent. Various studies associate inept parenting by resident single parents with a variety of negative consequences among children. Relationship between informal and formal labeling to adolescent delinquency According to labeling theory, perceived negative reactions result in the development of negative self conceptions and greater delinquent involvement (Glueck, 1962). The proponents of this theory emphasize on the importance of both formal and informal labeling. Formal labels are those acquired through contact with social control agencies while informal labeling are those that parents, peers and teachers generate. Juveniles become stigmatized through contact with social control agencies. Involvement in delinquent behavior is one of the possible responses to being negatively labeled or stigmatized. Negative parental reactions may also lead to a juvenile becoming delinquent. In their routine activities, juveniles encounter different cues and clues on how members of the community they live perceive them. Juveniles can interpret accurately the meaning of symbols and gestures employed to project labels upon them through role taking and defining situations. Human beings cannot be said to be passive receptors of negative labels since they possess the capacity to take part in cooperative interaction through significant symbols. Some juveniles negotiate labels and at times attempt to repudiate their deviant imputations (Simmons and Simmons, 2005). Naming or defining something is never an idealistic procedure but rather a consequence of an action. As such, social groups establish deviance by their response to known acts. A label therefore designates something that is a consequence of successful conversation of gestures. It is this successful conversation of gestures that makes the process of labeling the self possible. Labeling theorists assume that individuals project themselves into the role of significant others during real or imagined interactions and make assessments or self appraisals. The self becomes an object for which the person attaches labels which can either be positive or negative. This assumption is guided by the conception that human have the capacity to choose among competing labels for their self conception. Discuss the factors relating to the possibilities of the family structure being a major contribution to a juvenile becoming involved in delinquent behaviors. Family structure influences to a large extent the behavior of children. Research findings indicate that children growing up with single parents have an increased risk of becoming delinquents (Glueck, 1962). The structure of the family influences economic and parental resources that are available to children. Single parents, being financially constrained, are less likely to take care of their children’s need. The result is that the children experience low self esteem as they lack the majority of things that other children possess. Children who are growing up in a family where both parents are present are unlikely to experience behavioral problems. Research also indicates that children from single parent families that receive support from non-resident fathers also exhibit fewer behavioral problems than those without support. With this regard, economic factors influence the possibilities of a child becoming deviant and this mainly depends on the structure of the family. If both the parents are present, the economic conditions are likely to be better as both parents may take the responsibility in providing for the children. As such, the children may not feel deprived thereby reducing the possibilities of becoming deviant. Children become conformists when their parents possess cooperative co-parental relationship. When parents support each others decisions and agree on the rules of the family, the children learn that the parent’s authority is not arbitrary. Parental agreement therefore means that the children are not exposed to inconsistent discipline when they misbehave. This consistency between parents encourages children to learn and internalize moral values and social norms. Causes of marital violence Social theories see marital violence to be the product of the society. As such, they see marital violence as emanating from the social structures and the cultural values and norms that accommodate the use of violence among partners. Furthermore, the causes of marital violence have been attributed by some sociologists to be rooted in the structure of the family; the interaction between the members of the family and their social interactions. For instance, family systems theory relates the cause of marital violence to communication flaws and conflict in intimate relationships. Psychological theories on the other hand attribute the causes to individual experiences and predispositions. Marital violence may be linked to biological inclination to violence and personality disorder, or as suggested by social learning theories, to the offender’s social environment during his early stages of development. Attachment theory emphasizes on the relationship between parents or caregivers with their children and the consequences of such attachments on the ability of an individual to develop safe and healthy relationships later in life. Psychological perspectives hold that individuals may be predisposed to violence by personality disorders or early experiences of trauma. As such, being abusive physically is seen as a manifestation of an underlying emotional problem. Childhood experiences such as parental abuse, rejection and the inability to satisfy the dependence needs of a child may provide a source of later violence. Double Jeopardy Statistics show that women are at a higher risk of being victims of marital violence than males. Quite a number of reasons have been postulated to explain this phenomenon. Among the widely held theories is that women are inherently weak. With regard to physical strength, it is widely known that males far much out-weigh females in strength. Many female victims often find themselves in difficult situation when they are taking the decision to report their partner for abusing them physically. This is because they are likely to do something worse when they come out. As such, female victims of marital violence are always at the risk of double jeopardy. Even though violation of protection order may lead to federal criminal prosecution, advocates may develop procedures to avert double jeopardy. Population heterogeneity theory These theories postulate that there is an initial proneness to commit violent offenses and that this early difference in the development of an individual remains quite stable over time (Glueck, 1962)). People with numerous risk factors before birth, during toddler hood and during childhood are more likely to develop violent tendencies during adolescence and adulthood. In other words, there is a correlation between past and current criminal behavior. Population heterogeneity process attributes stability in offending over time to differences in anti-social characteristics across individuals that is established early in life. One of the implications of a population heterogeneity explanation for continuity in crime over time is that the antisocial feature is likely to have reverberations throughout life, adopting many manifestations later in life. Any observed correspondence between later life events and criminality is spurious due to the fact that they are all the consequence of a common cause. Concepts and principles of social learning theory The fundamental assumption of social learning theory is that the same learning process that operates within the context of social structure, interaction and situation produces both conforming and deviant behavior. The direction of the process in which these mechanisms operate is the basis of their difference. What is involved is the balance of influences on behavior. In most cases, that balance exudes some form of stability over time but it can also become unstable and change with circumstances and time. Conformity and deviant behavior is learned by the mechanisms in this process even though the theory proposes that the principle mechanism are part of the process in which differential reinforcement and imitation produce both overt behavior and cognitive definitions that function as discriminative stimuli for the behavior. Parenting skills The success of any family is dependent upon effective parenting. As such, it is important for every parent to establish healthy methods of raising their children. New parents should know that the future of their children lie in their hands. The first step to parenting is developing clear expectations of what both parents want. Depending on the background of what is being considered right or wrong, parents should plan and communicate their expectation to each other. Establishing a list of social, academic, religious and family oriented expectations for different settings and activities will enable parents to be very particular and concrete in teaching their children. They must however take into consideration the ability and age of the child, developmental status and the available resources. After setting the appropriate rules and expectations, the second most important thing is to unambiguously communicate these expectations in word and in deed. References Glueck, E. (1962). Family environment and delinquency. Houghton Mifflin Simmons, R. & Simmons L. (2005). Families, delinquency, and crime: Linking Society’s Most   Ã‚  Ã‚   Basic Institution to Antisocial Behavior. Oxford University Press

A Zara Supply Chain Strategy

A Zara Supply Chain Strategy The theoretical scope of this literature review is distributed by purchasing strategy and by supply chain strategy prospective. This part of the literature is founded on the Internet and from the articles in the Burch International University library. Through searching for the adequate information’s, definitions, articles, journals etc; research was being executed with the keywords such as purchasing strategy or supply chain strategy or management or just Zara supply chain management. There are different data’s, articles and web sites that were funded by the Internet about the Zara, and all offers different ideas of the research direction. In order to collect lot of useful and accurate material of Zara, I obtain from friend who works as a seller manager in Azel store. A Zara supply chain strategy was the key term of my research and was an important part of my theoretical focus on supply chain strategy. The aim of this research is to give a clear picture of the theoreti cal research and to be able to manage analysis of the Zara case study showing how company purchase and which supply chain strategy perspective is the most convenient for such a company. The purpose of use of review in this research is based on the explaining and verifying the role and impact of purchasing and supply chain strategy of the Zara industry and how it’s making successful. The effects of supply are particularly fundamental in fashion industries of marketing research. Although through this review also it will be described different aspects of supply chain points in the fast fashion industry. INTRODUCTION This review however will be based on the two sections; describing and analyzing the structure of the Zara’s stores and on understanding the influence of purchasing of supply chain strategies. The manufacturing ZARA clothing company has an excellent development of supply chain, practical and innovative distribution channel processes. Brief description of supply chain management In usual supply chain management (SCM) is studied issue in marketing practices and theories as well. â€Å"Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying service level requirements.† The supply chain management is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective & efficient ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. The organizations that make up the supply chain are â €Å"linked† together through physical flows and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement, and storage of goods and materials. They are the most visible piece of the supply chain. But just as important are information flows. Information flows allow the various supply chain partners to coordinate their long-term plans, and to control the day-to-day flow of goods and material up and down the supply chain.

What do you think about the class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What do you think about the class - Essay Example The course plays an important role in educating the current generation on how to struggle for what they want through reflecting on the struggles that the indigenous people in time of colonization. Some of other topics that are of importance in attending the class include capitalist development, Immigration and environmental changes. From this class, the teachers are able to sensitize the students on matters of environmental maintenance and protection. The Native American class is able to encourage race diversity. This is through emphasizing on the Native Americans who were living in harmony with each other despite having hailing from different subgroups. The class is able to examine a range of oral genres from various tribes. The native literature also incorporates Native American contribution to the current American tradition. This plays an important role in revealing the literary potential that lies in the diverse aesthetic tradition and giving the current generation an identity. Therefore, the class should be emphasized and widespread in various learning

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example President Truman requested the Congress to assist the Greek Government to wipe out communism. It was argued that if Turkey would be provided with both economic and military assistance, the US would be able to contain the spread of communism. The Republicans supported the policy, which later controlled the Congress and promised to send $400 million in aid to the Greek government. However, no military forces were to be taken to Greece. The effect was to terminate the Communist threat in Greece. In 1952, both Turkey and Greece joined NATO, an armed alliance that assured their protection. Following this action, the Doctrine was informally expanded to become the foundation of the American Cold War policy around the world and throughout Europe. It shifted the U.S foreign plan towards the Soviet Union from a relaxation of tension to the containment policy of Soviet expansion. The effects of the Truman Doctrine for the U.S and other nations The Long-term policy Truman’s doctrine stren gthened American Cold War policy all over the world, and more specifically, in Europe. It lasted because it looked into a broader cultural uncertainty concerning contemporary life in a globalized world. Truman Doctrine and its policies dealt with the concern of Washington over communism’s domino impact. It also facilitated a media-sensitive representation of a policy that won bipartisan support and it rallied US economic power to stabilize and modernize unstable areas without direct military involvement. In addition, it brought about modernization programs and state-building activities to the forefront of international policy (Cox, 1990). The diplomatic effort became a metaphor for tragedy aid to keep a country from the influence of communism. Truman applied the... This essay describes the policy of the United States towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War focusing on Truman Doctrine. It also seeks to articulate the advantages and disadvantages of this doctrine. The Truman Doctrine originated from President Truman’s speech before a joint meeting of Congress on March 1947. The instant cause for the speech was a prior announcement by Britain that it would not provide economic and military support to the Greek Government in its civil war with the Greek Communist party. President Truman requested the Congress to assist the Greek Government to wipe out communism. It was argued that if Turkey would be provided with both economic and military assistance, the US would be able to contain the spread of communism. The study concludes that the Truman Doctrine was generally a reaction to political issues in Greece, but later had an impact in Europe and the entire world. It was a demonstration of foreign policy as an outcome of the fears and insecurities of Soviet power filling the gap in Europe. The Doctrine had several major consequences. For instance, Turkey and Greece were given financial support and they did not give way to the further spread of communism. Further, the U.S became committed to internationalism with the containment policy, rather than the former isolationism. In addition, it increased tension between the USSR and USA, which formalized the Cold War since America took direct action against communism.

Stage 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stage 1 - Essay Example It is from this perspective that adolescent girls become an important subject of discussion due to the fact that adolescent girls have been found to be easily influenced by socialization, social influences, peer pressure, and social acceptability (Koplan, Liverman and Kraak, 2005). In effect, adolescent girls are more likely to make purchases of particularly food and nutrition products not necessarily because of the personal experience or education they have with the food, cosmetic or drug but because of the influences they receive from peers to purchase. It has even been established in research that due to the physical and biological changes that these girls experience at adolescence, they become more concerned about their bodies at teen ages and thus look for every means possible to appear as they find pleasing in their own eyes (Lackey and Kaczynski, 2009). Because of some of the key variables discussed about teen girls and for that matter female adolescents on their physical and biological changes and the quest for most of them to achieve a perceived perfect body appearance, this group has often become the target group for most advertisers in the food and nutrition industry. Due to the existing delight from the girls themselves, the advertisers often portray their food, cosmetic and drugs to have the potential of making these girls achieve the perfect bodies that they require or desire for themselves. As reflected in the second research question that seeks to answer the question of ways that advertisements influence the perception of girls on food products and services, Hindin, Contento & Gussow (2004) note that food products and services advertisements do not always represent the holistic truth about what they seek to portray. Rather, they target the intuitions of their audience such that what only things that when audience hear that will draw them to making purchases are represented in advertisements. This means that the case is not always holistic or tru e in what the girls are told in advertisements. Where there is lack of holistic presentation of information, the advertisers have been accused of keeping key information on products that has to do with side effects and risk effects of their food, cosmetic and drugs (Luder, Melnik and DiMaio, 2008). Based on the review above, the second research question will be particularly important in answering because it will open the understanding of girls on the purpose for advertisements and the need for more holistic approach to be taken towards the making of purchases rather than basing sorely on what is presented in advertisements. Once this is done, the aim for the first research question will be achieved because girls are going to be offered more and more options and bases for taking decisions on purchases. Where the accusation is also with false advertisement, the reports have been that what advertisements present is not what the products or services can really offer. In some other cases , advertisers have resorted to over emphasis of the true potency of what products and services being advertised can do, thereby portraying perfect body images that are not really as they are in the real world. But most of these girls take

Persuasive Communications, Campaigning and Public Opinion & Reputation Essay

Persuasive Communications, Campaigning and Public Opinion & Reputation Management - Essay Example After the first week, communities can hire teams of two police to patrol their neighborhood for a set fee. The fee that will be charged each community will depend upon different factors – how many homes will be patrolled, what the historical crime rate is in each community, and the ability of that community to pay. The MPS will make it known that they will not necessarily charge poor communities more, if they have higher crime rates, acknowledging that these are the very communities that would need the Rent-A-Cop services the most. The MPS will also hold periodic press releases regarding the program. Included in these press releases will be the rate in apprehending criminals, as well as an overall overview of the program’s successes. The purpose of these press releases will be to keep the program in the public eye. The press releases will feature not only the rates of apprehending criminals, but will also feature â€Å"feel good† anecdotes, where the officer conducting the press release will detail the charitable work that the rent-a-cops do for the communities, and any human interest stories that might arise during the course of the officers’ tenure in these

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Analysis - Essay Example On the section on project information, we are able to glean several insights. One is that the majority of projects being worked on are commercial projects. Two is that in terms of roles, the project management supervisors hold sway with regard to who gets what roles. Many of the projects are client-initiated, even as a sizable percentage is likewise initiated by government. Excel is a widely-used software tool. A minority makes use of no software at all, while a large number makes use of checklists. These latter findings have implications on where Redstone can improve in terms of the tools used in project management. The section on project pitfalls provides insights into the many different challenges that go with project management at Redstone. One is that which pertains to post project assessments, where a majority reports that those are done, even as a relatively minor percentage either reports the report assessment results to superiors or review the assessments made. This finding has implications for how well future projects can be managed, learning from the experience of past projects and being able to document and discuss those learnings via post project

Compare and contrast the views of human nature, the state, and war of Essay

Compare and contrast the views of human nature, the state, and war of the following thinkers Thucydides & Waltz - Essay Example However, what makes Waltz different from Thucydides is the fact that Waltz realizes that this explanation was not adequate. He points out that it is mankind, which creates communities, regimes and other parameters, which defines its existence. As a result, he is of opinion that the second source of conflict is determined by the internal character of the state in which he/ she lives, namely the public beliefs and practices, opinions and expectations, political systems and institutions of government, that frame human behavior. Waltz does not stop here but goes further. He argues that if the structure of the state and its system of governance shapes human behavior, then the structure of the international system must also shape state behavior. Thus his concept of neorealism shuns essentialist beliefs that human nature does not explain international politics, rather rests in aconstant state of amorphous decentralized latency, which arises from mutual lack of trust and everytime the state develops technological and warfare power, which he calls offensive orovertly aggressive so as to create too much of international felling of insecurity, so much so that they are motivated to seize that power and check it to a normal condition. International politics is different than domestic politics, though, because no entity possesses a legal monopoly on the use of force. The countries of the world inhabit a self-help system, competing freely and independently to secure their own interests and promote their national secur ity. There is no global structure capable of preventing one state from attacking another. This is the third source of conflict--a condition of anarchy that does not make war inevitable, only possible. Waltz argued that states must be prepared to use military force if necessary to protect them. No one else will do it for them. Considering these three sources of conflict, the concept of whether man, the state, or the international system is paramount becomes problematized. Interestingly, Waltz argues that we need to consider all three. Waltz argues that the world exists in a state of perpetual international anarchy. Waltz distinguishes the anarchy of the international environment from the order of the domestic one. In the domestic realm, all actors may appeal to, and be compelled by, a central authority - 'the state' or 'the government' - but in the international realm, no such source of order exists. Hence in Waltz's account, states must behave in a self-help way, acting freely unles s or until other actors restrict or limit their ability to do so. Like most neorealists, Waltz accepts that globalization is posing new challenges to states, but he does not believe states are being replaced, because no other non-state actor can equal the capabilities of the state. Waltz has suggested that globalization is a fad of the 1990s and if anything the role of the state has expanded its functions in response to global transformations. Along with some other theorists, he has argued that the United States has some characteristics of an empire. In 1979 Waltz incorrectly predicted that the Cold War order would continue well into the next century. This wrong prediction, however, does not represent an anomaly in Waltz's theory since it aims to explain continuities rather than change in international system. Waltz's theory, as he explicitly makes clear in "Theory of International Politics", is not a theory of foreign policy and does not attempt to predict or explain specific

Electrochemical Cell Essay Example for Free

Electrochemical Cell Essay Introduction To investigate the effect of change in temperature of the solutions on the voltage of an electrochemical cell. How does increase in temperature of the electrolytes in en electrochemical cell affect the voltage? An electrochemical cell produces electrical energy from chemical energy, where the chemical energy comes from the reactions in the cell. An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells. Each half-cell consists of an electrode, and an electrolyte (salt solution). A salt bridge is used that connects the two solutions in the containers to allow flow of ions so there is no charge build up in either solution. Charge build-up would shift the equilibrium and the reaction would cease. When the two half cells, consisting of a metal electrode and a conducting solution are connected with an external wire, the strongest oxidizing agent will undergo a reduction in one half cell and the strongest reducing agent will undergo an oxidation in the other half cell. An electrochemical cell makes use of a redox reaction and uses the chemical reaction to produce an electric current. The two metals that will be used in this experiment are Copper and Zinc, and their salts are used in an aqueous form in the container, being CuSO4 and ZnSO4. A salt bridge that is dipped in KNO3 will be used. The following reaction takes place in each half cell: Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- Zn (s) Zn2- (aq) + 2e- Independent Variable: Temperature of the electrolytes (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) Dependant Variable: Voltage (V) Controlled Variables: Nature of electrodes: The electrodes will be of the same elements i.e. Copper and Zinc. Changing the nature of the electrodes will change the voltage since different elements produce different forms of ions which then affects the voltage of the cell. Size of electrodes: The size of electrodes will be kept constant to 6cm x 1cm. Increasing the size of electrodes means that the electrodes will react produce more ions hence increasing the voltage of the cell. Nature of ion transfer: A salt bridge (dipped in KNO3) will be used as a pathway for the ion transfer between the two half cells. Changing the nature of ion transfer will change the amount of ions are transferred between the half cells hence affecting the voltage. The concentration of the electrolytes: is kept constant. A constant amount of metal salt will be added to make each electrolyte. Having a varying concentration will affect the amount of ions produced hence varying the voltage accordingly. Voltmeter: The voltmeter is kept constant since changing the voltmeter can affect the voltage since different voltmeters may have different resistance which may affect the readings. Materials required * Copper strip, 6cm x 1cm * Zinc strip, 6cm x 1cm * CuSO4 solution, 0.99M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01M * ZnSO4 solution, 0.99M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01M * KNO3 solution, 1.99M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01M * Distilled water, 300mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1mL * Beakers (3), 250mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 50mL * Graduated cylinder (100mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1mL) * Digital Voltmeter with crocodile wires * Hot plate * Thermometers (2), à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C * Paper strips, 10cm x 1cm * Magnetic stirrer * Rubber gloves * Apron * Safety Goggles Method Method to prepare solutions 1. Concentration required (CuSO4): 0.99M AMU of CuSO4: 159.61 So, 1.00M of CuSO4 has 159.61g of CuSO4 Hence 0.99M has: 159.61 x 0.99 = 158.01g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g Mix 158.01g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g of CuSO4 in 100mL of distilled water. Use a magnetic stirrer if necessary == Use 100mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1mL of 0.99M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01M of CuSO4 solution. 2. Concentration required (ZnSO4): 0.99M AMU of ZnSO4: 161.44 So, 1.00M of CuSO4 has 161.44g of ZnSO4 Hence 0.99M has: 161.44 x 0.99 = 159.83g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g Mix 159.83g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g of ZnSO4 in 100mL of distilled water. Use a magnetic stirrer if necessary == Use 100mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1mL of 0.99M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01M of ZnSO4 solution. 3. Concentration required (KNO3): 1.99M AMU of CuSO4: 101.11 So, 1.0M of CuSO4 has 101.11g of KNO3 Hence 1.99M has: 101.11 x 1.99 = 201.21g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g Mix 201.21g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g of KNO3 in 100mL of distilled water. Use a magnetic stirrer if necessary == Use 30mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1mL of 1.99M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01M of KNO3 solution. 4. Now put the paper strip (salt bridge) in the KNO3 solution and leave it for 30 seconds. Method for investigation 1. Before starting the experiments, all the materials should be acquired with all safety precautions 2. Put the two beakers that have electrolytes on the hot plate. 3. Now put the salt bridge between the beakers. Also, put the two thermometers in each container 4. Connect the crocodile wires from the voltmeter to each electrode, but dont put it in the half cells yet. 5. Now turn on the hot plate and let the temperature increase from room temperature to 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C 6. As soon as the temperature increases to 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, quickly insert the electrodes in the respective solutions (Cu in CuSO4 and Zn in ZnSO4) and record the voltage 7. Remove the electrodes and clean and dry them. 8. Now increase the temperature by a difference of 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C i.e. 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 70à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and repeat steps 5-7. 9. After the experiment has been completed, put the cleaned materials back to their original place. Raw Data Table Volume of each electrolyte (mL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1mL) Length of salt bridge (cm à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01 cm) Length of each electrode (cm à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01 cm)

Career and Gender Discrimination in Bahrain | Case Study

Career and Gender Discrimination in Bahrain | Case Study Ellen Moore (A) Living and working in Bahrain Case summary The case describes the working life and career decision of Ellen Moore, an American expatriate in Bahrain in the 1980s. Ellen is an outstanding and capable person both in terms of academic and professional background. Right after graduation with an MBA degree, she followed her husband to work as a financial specialist in Bahrain. Bahrain is a country situated in the Persian Gulf and its modernization and economy are strongly associated with the oil industry. Expatriates have been playing an important role in bringing expertise and dynamics to its under-developed areas. Ellen came to Bahrain to work as manager because of her vast work experience, she really like the opportunity to be a teacher and work with other people, although some working style, professional capability, religion were different from her home country, she believed that the ability to handle different situation would be an important international experience for her. After two years hard working, Ellen was offered with two senior management options of career promotion, one in accounts control and another in customer service. She wanted to choose the accounts control position but was faced with an explicit discriminatory practice by her manager for being a woman. He said that because the position she chose would involve visiting Saudi Arabia and negotiating with men, as a female she would not be able to fulfill this position. So there are four possible solutions that Allen could choose: 1. Take the customer position that she does not like 2. Fight back 3. Remain her current position 4. Leave the company. 1. The Case core issues a) Gender discrimination in the Bahraini society reflected in the organisational culture After two years of successful work, Ellen was offered two new positions in different areas. After carefully evaluate the two positions, she decided to take the Accounts Control position. When meeting with the General Manager, she was told that the offer had been reconsidered and this position was not available for her anymore. The reasons were: As a woman, she would be subject to discriminatory practices in Saudi Arabia and would experience difficulty travelling alone there as it is one of the job requirements She would also have difficulty in obtaining entry visas Customers would not accept to negotiate with a woman In case of hostile outbreak, she could be in danger. b) International migration of qualified workforce In 1975 offshore banking began in Bahrain. Since the country did not have experts to develop this industry, expatriates from around the world, particularly from Western Europe and North America, were invited to conduct business in Bahrain; Expatriates who lived under residence permits gained on the basis of recruitment for a specialist position that could not be filled by a qualified and available Bahraini citizen; Bahrain became a multicultural country. Expatriates would interact not only with Arabic nationals, but also with managers from others parts of the world, and with workers from developing countries; No formal training, especially in the difference among management practices, was provided in order to better adapt expatriates to new country/culture. c) Managing in a different culture Several aspects of the Middle Eastern culture had tremendous impact on the way of doing business, especially for the western firms which located in Bahrain: What Western managers considered to be proof of an argument or factual evidence could be flatly denied by a Bahraini: if something was not believed, it did not exist. It seemed that the concept of time differed between Middle Eastern and Western cultures. Schedules and deadlines, while sacred to Western managers, commanded little respect from Bahraini employees. Islamic religion: praying five times a day and Ramadan working hours. There is no separation of church, state and judiciary. Attitude towards women: all women could work outside the home, with hours restricted both by convention and by the labour laws. They could only work only after got their husbands, fathers, or brothers permission, and could not take potential employment away from men. Work outside the home was additional to duties performed inside the home. Most women who worked held secretarial or clerk positions; very few worked in management. The truth to a Bahraini employee was subject to an Arab interpretation, which was formed over hundreds of years of cultural evolution. 2. Possible solutions that Ellen faced a) Take the Customer Services position: †¢ Strength: By accepting the Customer Service position, she is taking her career to a new level. With new challenges to face, more responsibilities to meet and huge number of employees to manage which she has proven herself to have the skills and qualifications in this new role. It could be an option to take her career further and even could be a role model for women in this country that want to be in management position. †¢ Weakness: By accepting this position, she is sending the message that she is accepting the discrimination that she experienced. She would be compromising her values, which is probably painful for her as an educated American woman, because her true personality has been violated. b) Fight Back: †¢ Strength: Fighting back can help Ellen remain her true personality. By seeking help from Senior Vice-president, Ellen may persuade the SVP to stand by her side, get the position that she dreamed of. Another way to do it is to try her chances in the Bahraini Labor Tribunals, if she wins the case in the tribunal, it will help her change the women unequal rights in the company or even to be a role model for women in the Bahraini society. †¢ Weakness: Stepping over the general manager and reaching the Senior Vice-President to solve the issue might affect her relationship with the general manager who trusted her and nominated her for senior management position. This may result in serious conflicts with the organization management and risk Ellens job. c) Stay in her current position: †¢ Strength: The option of keeping the current position could be a safe choice for Ellen to maintain good relationship with her manager, keep her own values; and also not give in to the general managers prejudices. Meanwhile, she could start considering other career options. †¢ Weakness: Gender discrimination in public life and workplace is a noticeable issue in Bahrain (Asian Center for Human Rights 2007), thus the opportunity for promotion could be reduced in the future if Allen refused this promotion. Also, according to Metcalfe (2007), in Arab nations where women are expected to resign from their jobs when they are married; the training and professional academic qualifications are prioritized for men. Additionally, by not accepting the goodwill from the general manager, Ellen could be risking her relationship with him. d) Leave the company: †¢ Strength: According to Hofstede cultural dimensions (1993), Ellen is a person with high Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) who aspires for professionalism and punctuality. Bahrain Society, on the other hand, has a low UA featured in greater tolerance in timing. The big differences in Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance traits between Ellens and Bahrain society might hinder Ellens ability to develop her career in the country. Moreover, the reasons for Ellen to prefer the Account Control position are to gain international experience, better pay and challenging opportunities and these can be found in other job positions. †¢ Weakness: In Bahrain, it is required to obtain a permission letter from current employer in order to seek or move to work for another employer. If the relationship between the employee and the employer is not in good terms, then there is a high possibility that the current employer will refuse to release the employee. If Ellen cannot find another job and leaves the country, her husband might also need to leave his current job and find an alternative solution for both of them. 3. Proposed solution We recommend that Ellen remain in her current position until other work opportunities arise for her. According to Hofstede (1993), Ellen possess low Power Distance (PD) trait that influences her desire for reaching the equality for both men and women in work and life. Staying in the same position and not accepting the Customer Service position will work better for her by keeping her values and refusing to accept the gender discrimination. Moreover, this option allows Ellen to express her strong interest in sharpening her financial expertise while possibly retaining good relationship with the supervisor. As Ellen came to Bahrain with the aim to train Bahrainis to take over her job this option would still facilitate her aspiration. Thus, staying in the company can give her more time to think and search for other alternatives and career prospects. According to Al-Lamky (2007), unequal policies, structures and programs in the organization that may obstruct womens employment and career growth, he mentioned that the best way to solve gender issues should involved policy and structure change in the organization. By remaining in her current position, Ellen could lobby some policy evaluation in the organization, continue advocate equal gender rights for women, some examples that she may like to lobby: implementing programs to increase sensitivity towards women; through work recognition and promotion to make top women visible in the organization; creating an organizational culture that is open and sensitive to differing styles in the workplace (San Dico Kleiner, 1999). Child care could also be an interesting program to be developed as it would be an auxiliary in helping women to perform the cultural responsibilities attributed to them (Al-Lamky 2007). With the power that she already had in the company and the help of her current fem ale employees, there is a great chance that she could win in this lobby battle. 4. Emic-concept and its influence in the decision making Aiming to investigate elements of the Bahrain culture that are relevant to the management field, we considered the Emic Concept in this case study is the gender discrimination. Throughout the case, the gender discrimination was highly observed in the workplace, Bahrain had difficulties accepting and acknowledging the contributions of women to management. In Ellens story, she suffered discrimination for being a woman in many situations. One of them that we have mentioned above was the career decision that Ellen had to choose, her general manager told her that the offer had been reconsidered because she was a woman and as such, would face difficulties executing the job. Such difficulties included women face discriminatory practices in Saudi Arabia and customers refusing to negotiate with her. Although she had the ability and qualification for the customer service position, she refused it because it was based on gender rather than competence. Another situation of gender discrimination in the workplace was in managing male employees. In the case, an employee named Fahad, would always refuse to listen to whatever Ellen had presented to him and he always disregarded Ellens ideas. However, with her continue effort she managed to resolve the problem and was able to perform with Fahad many successful projects. Because this case happened in 1980s, in your mind the gender discrimination situation would be better in this country in nowadays; however, if we looking at some statistics in recent years, you will realize that your judgment is too hasty. In 2006, women in Bahrain held only 9% of senior civil service posts although they constituted 11% of the private sector workforce and 42% of the government workforce (Asian Centre for Human Rights, 2007). It demonstrates that gender bias is still strong in the workplace, and women receive significantly low remuneration than their male counterparts, one of the reasons is the Arab societies are reluctant to abandon their traditional viewpoint of women, they thought that their primarily role should be in house and rise children (Mostafa 2005). However, things are not set in stone forever, some Arabic nations have seen considerable changes for women situation nowadays, According to Mostafa (2005), research on attitudes towards women roles â€Å"showed over the last two decades or so a universal trend of increasing liberalism and acceptance of more egalitarian role definitions, especially among women†. Women can be also found in positions such as ministerial and parliamentary positions, running businesses and siting as presidents in national universities, with increasingly figures in the work force and rising to managerial positions (Omair 2008). Given the facts learned from the case and recent researches just presented, the emic concept has influenced the process of decision making as the group understood that decision choosing to continue working in her current job would reflect less discriminatory practices. She would accept a position as customer service which was offered based on gender and, also, Ellen Moore would not be compromising her job and legal rights to remain Bahrain. 5. References Omair, K. (2008). Women in management in the Arab context. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues. Vol. 1 No. 2. pp. 107-123. Al-Lamky, A. (2007) Feminizing leadership in Arab societies: the perspectives of Omani female leaders. Women in Management Review. Volume: 22. Issue:1 Asian Centre for Human Rights. (2007). Bahrain: Stakeholders Report, India. Hofsted, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive. 7(1), 81-94. Metcalfe, B. D. (2007). Gender and human resource management in the Middle East. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18:1,54 -74, p.12,13 Mostafa , M. (2005). Attitudes towards women managers in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 20 No. 6, pp. 522-540. Sandico, C. and Kleiner, B. H. (1999). New development concerning gender discrimination in the work place. Equal Opportunities International. Volume 18 Number 2/3/4 .

Importance of Time Lapses in Death of a Salesman :: English Literature

Why does Arthur Miller use time lapses in his play â€Å"Death of a Salesman†? What was the playwright trying to tell us about Willy Loman? In this essay I will be exploring and analysing â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. I will be looking the use of flash backs in the play that aim to emphasise that the past is always with us. Looking at the flashbacks will also help understand the character of Willy Loman. The action takes place in Willy Loman’s house and yard also in various places he visits in New York and Boston of 1949. The play was set in post war America. This is after the great Depression, when people had a different point of view and wanted to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. The American Dream is the longings of people who wanted to develop the country, to amass money and enjoy a comfortable, not to be at the beck and call of the employer. The figure of a salesman was at the cutting edge of the American Dream, a self made person that did not sell his products but his personality. The play shows a series of chronological events which take place during one evening and the next day. At intervals throughout the play we see scenes from Willy’s past enacted on the same stage at the same time. On first impression this would seem more likely to confuse the audience rather than reveal, but Miller had strong reasons for staging the play in this way. It is my belief that playwright tells us the past is not something which is now behind us. The past is always with us informing and influencing our actions. To understand the character of Willy Loman, we must be aware of the emotional burdens he carries with him from the past. To show an example of these recollections I have selected a scene in Act Two. Willy is sitting in a restaurant where he has been invited by the boys, in anticipation of the fact that Biff will be able to secure a loan from Bill Oliver. Willy has just been laid off from his old job, and is hoping that Biff has some good news for him so that Linda can be happy as he knows she has always been loyal to him and made many sacrifices. Willy said â€Å"she has waited and she has suffered†. This shows how loyal and hard working Linda has been to the family, sacrificing to save money. Evidence of this is shown by the stockings that she sits down with and mends so money can be saved.

Pedogenesis in Western Washington and Northern Alaska: A Comparison of

Pedogenesis in Western Washington and Northern Alaska: A Comparison of the Primary Factors Introduction: Pedology is partially based on the established principle that soil changes are directly correlated to specific biotic communities and regional climatic patterns. From this principle questions have arisen as to why the Arctic tundra that lies above the treeline in Alaska displays similar chemical characteristics to that of the well-developed Podzols and Spodosols found in the coniferous forests of Washington. The Podzols and Spodsols of these coniferous forests are defined by their cool and humid regional climates and by the acidic parent material from which they formed. Recent studies indicate that the E and Bs horizons that define the temperate forest soils are also found above the treeline in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia (Ugolini, Stoner, & Marret, 1987). What role does biota play in the current soil formation for each of the sites? Why do the similarities exist between the sites despite differences in climate and vegetation? What other factors consistently influence the soil properties? The purpose of my paper is to address the question of which soil forming factors have the greatest effect on the similar and distinct characteristics of the two geographic locations. Podzolization: Pedogenic Change in Alaska and Washington Chemical analyses of temperate forest soils in the Pacific Northwest have been collected to examine soil forming trends (Ugolini, Stoner, & Marret, 1987). Such data allows us to compare various ecosystems and their characteristic pedological processes. Ugolini et al 1987 show how the soil solution analysis allows us to see ". . . a simple two-compartment system" (p.91). The first ... ...d processes, principles, and knowledge necessary to further our understanding of modern pedogenesis as an important part of soil science. References Cited: Birkland, Peter, 1984, Soils and Geomorphology: New York, Oxford University Press, 372 p. Marret D.J., Stoner M.G., & F.C. Ugolini, August 1987, "Arctic Pedogenesis: 1. Evidence for Contemporary Podzolization." Soil Science, 144, p.90-100. Schlichte, A.K., & F.C. Ugolini, May 4, 1973, "The Effect of Holocene Environmental Changes on Selected Western Washington Soils," Soil Science, 116, p.218-227. Sletten, Ronald, & F.C. Ugolini, January 1991, "The Role of Proton Donors in Pedogenesis as Revealed by Soil Solution Studies." Soil Science,151, p.59-72. Stoner, M.G., & F.C. Ugolini, January 1968, "Arctic Pedogenesis: 2. Threshold-Controlled Subsurface Leaching Episodes." Soil Science, 145, p.46-50.

Janie Crawford’s Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Janie Crawford’s Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God Janie Crawford, the main character of Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, strives to find her own voice throughout the novel and, in my opinion, she succeeds even though it takes her over thirty years to do it. Each one of her husbands has a different effect on her ability to find that voice. Janie discovers her will to find her voice when she is living with Logan. Since she did not marry him for love, tensions arise as time moves on and Logan begins to order her around. But Janie is young and her will has not yet been broken. She has enough strength to say "No" and to leave him by running away with Joe. At this point, Janie has found a part of her voice, which is her not willing to be like a slave in her husband's hands. After Janie marries Joe, I think that she discovers that he is not the person she thought he was. He tells her what to do the same way Logan did, just a little bit more delicately by saying that it is not a woman's job to do whatever he does not want her to do. Throughout her twenty years of life with Joe, Janie loses her self-consciousness because she becomes like a little kid being told what to do by an adult, Joe. She does it without even questioning herself, which is why I think that she loses the part of her voice that she has discovered by running away from Logan. At times, she has enough courage to say no to Joe, but he always has something to say back that discourages Janie from continuing her argument. But, in my opinion, Janie does not lose her will to find herself and it might have even become stronger because the reader can see that Janie is not happy with the way things are now and that she will probably want to change them in the future. When Joe dies and Janie marries Tea Cake, she feels free because even though Tea Cake asks for her opinion when he does something and cares about her. Since this is Janie's first marriage where she actually loves her husband, she feels free and discovers many new things in life that she has not noticed before. She becomes more sociable, wants to go places with Tea Cake, enjoys working with other people, and likes shooting game. Although she never shot a rifle before, she becomes a better shooter that Tea Cake, and he respects her for that,

Annie Leibovitz Biography and Image Sample Analysis

Annie Leibovitz is a famous American portrait photographer and is best known for taking extraordinary and yet unique photos of celebrities. She is one of the most demanded photographer for celebrity pictures and became a celebrity herself that way. Most of the photographs she taken have been featured mostly in magazines such as Rolling Stones, Vanity Fair and Vogue. Leibovitz has always been interested in the arts since a young age. Her mother was a dance instructor and influenced her to take dance classes not only from her, but from many other teachers. In high school she focused in music. She specialized in the guitar and wrote numerous songs, eventually becoming the head of her schools’ folk sing club. When she attended university however, she took an interest in visual arts and considered being a painting instructor as a career. It wasn’t until her family was stationed in the Philippines (her father was an Air Force lieutenant colonel) and a trip down Japan, that she was awestruck by the wonderment of photography. When she went back to school, she took night classes for photography. â€Å"A thing that you see in my pictures is that I was not afraid to fall in love with these people.† – Annie Leibovitz. This quote is a little look of how she sees her images, and how much she loves what she takes. Indirectly she also means that we should love what we take pictures of because what's the point of making others like a photograph you don't like. Photograph One â€Å"Where Romance is Celebrated† (2009) This is a photograph featuring Zac Efron as Prince Philip and Vanessa Hudgens as Princess Aurora in the Disney film, Sleeping Beauty, recreating the awakening kiss scene. This is one of the many photographs Leibovitz took for Disney Parks â€Å"What will you Celebrate?† campaign portraying highlight movie moments of different Disney animations. The atmosphere of the photograph is enchanting and the gesture of the two faces together is quite romantic. The costumes and make up enhances the features of the models, making them look too perfect. The dark background and roses make the photo also very surreal; almost fairy tale-like. In this photograph the roses and the bed frames around Efron and Hudgens to make emphasis on them together. Leibovitz also uses Rule of Thirds to make their faces the centre of interest. She uses artificial lighting above them making an angelic effect and intensely shines on the princess's face, making her complexion paler thus contrasting with the dark background. Photograph Two â€Å"John Lennon and Yoko Ono† (1980) In this photograph is the last photograph ever taken of John Lennon embracing Yoko Ono naked on a bed before he was assassinated. It is an intimate moment between the two; holding each other tenderly while he's giving her a kiss displays their deep love for one another. The bareness and position he is in also displays the vulnerability of human passion. The one evident compositional element is making John Lennon the centre of interest, by making the eye focus on him because he's curled up in a ball or fetal position. Also Yoko's black clothing contrasts Lennon's light skin. Leibovitz uses natural lighting, but since this is on of her earlier photographs the lighting is nothing to creative and simple. Conclusion and Legacy In the being the majority of her images were in black and white because of her lack of education, but later self taught herself about colour development and uses that more often. Leibovitz approach to taking her images is unexpected and out of the box; one never really knows what her next piece will turn out. She captures her effects with artificiality, flair and outrageousness that makes her artwork different from other portrait photographers. Generally she doesn't really care about other's opinions on how to take photos and often gets in trouble by the media by doing things that might offend other people. But all in all, we should admire her genius as a photographer and her â€Å"risk taking† attitude on how to interact with her subjects and audience. I first got interested in Leibovitz because of the Miley Cyrus incident and the work we went over in class, she truly is fascinating in how she see celebrities in such unusual poses. Out of the two photographs that I chose in this essay, the one I like the most is â€Å"Where Romance is Celebrated† because the Disney series are my favorite works by her. I just can't help loving and reminiscing my childhood.

Bloom taxonomy Essay

Bloom’s taxonomy or also known as the revised bloom taxonomy is a great teaching tool to use when teaching patients about their illness. It consists of three categories and then multiple sub-categories. Blooms taxonomy addresses not only the patient’s readiness to learn but it address the appropriate approach to each individual situation. It gives a systematic way of approaching a topic and the audience that will be learning. When this method is applied to nursing it is a great tool. This is due to the fact that each patient has different cognitive factors, different psychomotor factors as well as an affective domain. Bloom’s Cognitive categories have to do with how the mind can process or regenerate the information provided during a teaching session. There are six sub-categories to the cognitive category. The six are remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create. A teacher should be able to determine where in this pyramid is the patient. What teaching strategies must be changed and modified to fit the patient lifestyle. The second category is the Affective domain. This is how patients address their emotions to specific problems. This will show what a patient or student values and what motivates them to be who they are. This category has five sub-categories receiving, respecting, valuing, organizing and internalizing. This is the category that will determine if the patient is willing to accept this disease or new lifestyle change into their life. This will tell a teacher where on the scale the patient is willing to rate their disease and how it will affect their life. The Third and final category is psychomotor. This tells the teacher if the patient is physically able to complete the task asked of them. This will allow the teacher to gage if the patient is able to successfully complete what is needed of them to live with their disease process. There are five sub-categories imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization. There is a great example of this category, teaching a patient to use a new nebulizer treatment. The patient will go through reach step of the process till they  can finally reach the goal of naturalization. Conclusion Blooms taxonomy learning tool can break down the heart of teaching and give it meaning to apply to most any professions. Nursing is just one of those professions that teaching is a large part of the job, on a daily basis. Blooms taxonomy should be used each day on a nursing unit from the admission date to the discharge date.

Lead And Manage A Team Within Health And Social Care Essay

Explains the features of effective team performance An effective team which performs at the highest level, whilst completing their work efficiently to the best of their ability. An effective team will always consist of certain features enabling effective team performance. Some of these features are as follows; develop goals and plans, i.e. an effective team will always devise a development or goal plan, which will describe the specific purpose for the team. The team will work towards implementing plans to achieve the set goal. Team member should also be clear about these goals and their priorities and consistently work in ways that will support the team’s goals. Communication between the team is so important, team members should feel comfortable with sharing information, listening and provide each member with positive feedback. Team meetings should be held on a regular basis, you could also provide a newsletter with such information. Team meetings should be productive and well managed, they need to be focused and timely and used for team problem solving, decision making, distributing information and also developing the team’s skills. Effective teams maintain positive relationships by supporting, cooperating, respecting and trusting each team member. These relationships can be enhanced by proactively working to build these positive relationships by providing opportunities for social interaction. Problems need to be solved in a timely manner, the same as decision making. An effective team will identify a problem/issue and resolve it promptly with the involvement of all the team. Obviously there is always going to be conflict, an effective team will identify and resolve these conflicts in a promptly and timely manner, which will also be mutually beneficial. This will then minimise the occurrence of conflicts, effective teams will need to continue to communicate positively. Conflict training or conflict strate gies can also be used, in order to provide ongoing team building activities, which will encourage positive and active participation within the team. Read more:  Methods of Addressing Conflict Within a Team On the job training, coaching, and mentoring are all a must. 3171/1.2 identify the challenges experienced by developing team Challenging will be experienced in new teams such as communication and relationship issues. Effective teams will always have a strong and decisive leader at the helm. A lack of effective leadership will most definitely  challenge positive team building and development. All members of the team need to be aware of their own specific roles within the team, by explaining each members specific role will avoid confusion, team members should be monitored. Staff training on conflict is imperative for effective team working, enabling the team to work without constant interruptions. According to Bruce Tuckman, teams that have been developed will go through stages, which Tuckman identified as; forming, storming, norming and performing. 3171/1.3 identify the challenges experienced by established teams Working within an effective team is an ongoing process and it very may well be that the challenge could be maintaining that effective team. Another challenge could be that a team member leaves and moves on and a new member is now needed. This can have an impact on the team’s development, which emphasises Tuckman’s theory of reforming, which literally means going back to the very beginning and working through the whole process again. All teams need to be able to share ideas and sustain a team identity; ongoing support, confidence building and improving working relations can assist with challenges experienced. Dr Meredith Belbin argues a ream works best when there is a balance of roles represented within the team and all team members know their own roles and then work to their strengths and actively manage their weaknesses. 3171/1.4 explain how challenges to effective team performance can be overcome The University of Victoria (2008) have produced a team effectiveness model that teams could use by a means of improving their effectiveness by focusing on improving their functioning in 5 key areas which are as follows; the team should have clear goals, vision, mission, values and plans that the whole team as pires to achieve. Clear responsibilities and roles, the structure of the team, job descriptions, competencies, accountabilities, resources, tools and equipment should all be provided. Problem solving, communicating, managing conflicts, tasks, planning meetings, performance evaluation, managing change and decision making should follow clear procedures ensuring effective team working. Positive relationships, mutual respect and trust, continuing support and inclusion, valuing diversity and listening to feedback can overcome challenges to effective team performance. A strong credible leader with clear expectations can also overcome challenges to an effective team. 3171/1.5 analyse how different management styles may influence outcomes of  team performance. All management styles are to a certain extent determined by the given situation and the needs of the workers and the culture of the organisation. There has been a notable shift away from authoritarian style management where control is the key concept to a more empowering team working style. Managers that direct, control the work of their staff and co-ordinate have recently been replaced with managers who coach and council who are team leaders. A successful manager develops effective teams and works on building positive relationships, developing and motivating others. The participative management style involves information sharing and involving employees in decision making. Staff are encouraged to run their own departments, making decisions regarding their policies and procedures. This style of management is often regarded as the quick cure for low morale. However is not always appropriate for every organisation. The theory X management style makes the assumption that employees are lazy and do not really want to work (Douglas McGregor, 1960). This theory implies that the average employee does not like work and will do anything to get out of it. Employees must be controlled, directed threatened or even punished to get them to be productive. The average employee will prefer to be directed and will avoid all responsibility and will have little ambition. The total management is a style which involves all aspects of the company in order to achieve quality. This type of management consists of customer satisfaction; quality is seen as the employee’s responsibility and team work. This style of management will encourage employers to learn and grow within the company and allows them to take part in improvements. 3171/1.6 Analyse methods of developing and maintaining trust and accountability 1.6a This will mean always being honest by telling the truth and keeping any promises you may have made. This will encourage employees to have more faith in you and believe in the company. The businesses values and their vision will need to communicated to all employees. The staff will feel valued and part of a team regardless of their status. The manager will need to be seen and ask the opinions and ideas of their staff and they must ensure they acknowledge the contributions made by their staff and showing genuine respect. In order to maintain this, the manager will have to avoid withholding information and telling white lies, more importantly they will have to avoid acting or communicating inconsistently and also seek shared achievements rather than  personal achievements. 1.6b Businesses that trust employees are usually successful; integrity begins with trust and the manager sets an example and will develop within the business. A manager will have to establish and then maintain integrity within the business; integrity must start with those above and then move down. 3171/1.7 compare methods of addressing conflict within a team Conflicts will arise from time to time in your business and the mostly stem from difference in terms of power amongst the team or different values and attitudes. Managers can take a direct approach when dealing with conflict which will consist of confronting the conflict straight away, whilst looking at it objectively and looking at it as it is. A manager must ensure any criticism used will be constructive. Taking the direct approach emphasises problem solving and will in most cases leave everyone involved with a feeling of the issue being resolved. A manager can use a bargaining technique if employees have different ideas to a solution and cannot agree. This would involve helping the people come to some kind of compromise which is give and take and in most cases the people will be all be satisfied. On occasion someone may just be having a bad day and create a problem. An experienced manager may just avoid this and work around it, until the person with the issue as calmed down this is called retreat. Conflicts can be positive they are not always negative, co-operative conflict can help people solve problems together and this can be motivating. 3171/2.1 To maintain a positive culture within my home I actively encourage team working, effective clear communication and effective leadership skills. Promoting development within my team keeps my staff motivated and enthusiastic regarding their job role and responsibilities. Employees appear to be maintaining their integrity and enjoy their jobs. You can also encourage communicating with their colleagues and using a feedback system which will enhance the effectiveness of your team. A manager will need to set good examples, carry out tasks and make themselves visible. 3171/2.2 demonstrate how own practice supports a positive culture in the team One of my main responsibilities is the ability to promote a positive working environment for my team. I openly encourage others to come up with new ideas, communication is key in any business. I also like to think I make  myself approachable to my staff, and will listen to any criticism. Any issue need to be dealt with confidently and in a timely manner. I recently had to put in quite a few hours working the floor of my residential home as we had an outbreak of DVT, I found by doing this others followed suit and helped out when they could. 3171/2.3 Use systems and processes to support a positive culture in the team Regular handovers within our home are vital, with an emphasis on our service users needs and clear hones input from staff. Monthly meetings are also set up on a regular basis, where we can review and plan any courses of action we may have taken, or need to be taken. I also ensure I put aside time to carry out practice supervisions and regular supervisions monthly with my staff which highlight any problems which may need rectifying. Service user meetings are also vital and provide so much information and feedback for our service which ensures we are producing positive outcomes. All policies and procedures need to be adhered to and these are updated regularly. Appraisals are carried out to assess my staff and help them set targets that they would like to aim for. Developing staff and supporting them are all factors when encouraging a positive culture. 3171/2.4 Encourage creative and innovative ways of working within the team Different skill mixes within teams are vita for any successful productive team and people need to be given specific roles to match their abilities, always ensuring further development is available. Businesses will most certainly have a complaints procedure to adhere to, alongside this a comments policy with a feedback system is an effective way of recognising the importance and contributions made by your team. 3171/3.1 identifies the factors that influence the vision and strategic direction of the team Strategic planning is vital in ensuring we are prepared for different challenges. Your team will be better equipped to deal with these challenges if they are able to identify factors which may impact the business e.g. resources, skill mixes, partnerships with contractors. A mission statement within the home defining the homes values, and promoting a positive team spirit. Quality assurance surveys play a big part in determining where the home needs to improve or set new objectives. 3171/3.2 communicates the vision and strategic direction to team members Effective teams will have the ability to create a meaningful strategy which will enhance the likelihood of producing positive results. All the team will need to have  clear communication as to what changes or challenges they may face preparing them to make the changes needed. You will need to ensure the strategy planned is viable and will the team have the skills needed to take the strategy on, extra resources may also be needed. Set up a meeting with your team and discuss the vision planned. Clearly outline the vision at your meeting enabling you and your team to put a clear strategic initiative in place. You will need to set very clear expectations and then constantly monitor and review any progress that is made and make any necessary adjustments.

Major causes of unemployment Essay

â€Å"Outline the major causes of unemployment and social consequences of unemployment for the Australian economy†. There are a number of causes of unemployment, which ultimately result in both positive and negative consequences for Australias economy. These causes are outlined as follows. Economic growth is possibly the most influential factor causing unemployment. The demand for labour is a derived demand, meaning that it is determined by the level of demand for goods and services in an economy. This means that if an economy is experiencing low levels of economic growth, aggregate demand will fall, thus decreasing the demand for labour, which will result in an increase in unemployment. resulted in a strong decline in unemployment (stimulus). Australias unemployment rate is currently at 5.1%, its lowest since the 1970s (stimulus). Unemployment may also be caused by technological change This can have a negative effect on unemployment as a company may replace labour with capital in order to become more efficient. Jobs are lost as technology is now used instead, or people dont have the skills required for the new production methods therefore increasing unemployment. However, the labour force may undergo further education and training to acquire the new skills needed, thus reducing unemployment. Labour productivity is a significant factor affecting the level of unemployment. Low level of productivity tends to encourage employers to use capital in reference to labour in production therefor increasing unemployment. The cost of labour also impacts upon the unemployment rate. If the cost of labour is high, employers will replace labour with capital therefor increasing unemployment, but if it is relatively low, employers will rather choose to employ more workers, thus increasing unemployment. One of the reasons for a rapid increase in labour costs may be the inflexibility of the labour market due to regulations for e.g. 2006 IR laws resulting in higher minimum wages than would occur if wages were set through the interaction between the demand and supply of labour. In addition, the process of structural change in the economy often involves significant short term costs, unemployment. Job losses are greater in less efficient industries and in areas undergoing major reforms, such as public utilities that are being privatised. For e.g. large tariff cuts have contributed to the loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector. Structural change also includes reductions in protection. If local producers can no longer compete internationally there will be a rise in unemployment, however this will be beneficial to the labour market in the long term as efficient industries emerge. The unemployment rate may also occur as a result of government macroeconomic policy. The governments macroeconomic policy can influence the level of unemployment in the short to medium term, through their influence in the business cycle. With the implementation of contractionary macroeconomic policy, with budget deficits and tighter monetary policy this results in higher interest rates and less government spending leads to a slowdown in economic growth and investment causing unemployment to increase. Another reason for declining unemployment is changing participation rates and school retention rates. During an economic upswing the participation rate (labour force / working age population x 100) is known to rise as discouraged job seekers re-enter the labour force and begin to actively look for work again. This means economic growth needs to be high enough to absorb both the unemployed and those returning to the labour force for unemployment to decline. As more students are completing high school and entering tertiary education, young people are entering the work force later. This means that the size of the labour force is reduced, which improves the rate of unemployment. Furthermore, once students finish their studies and enter the labour force they have greater knowledge and skills, improving their  employment prospects. A consistently high level of unemployment has negative social effects on society, individuals and the economy. Unemployment within an economy has dire consequences on society. Increased inequality is the most severe cost within society. Unemployment tends to affect lower income earners such as the young, unskilled, indigenous Australians, regional Australia and those migrants who were born overseas. Because unemployment means a loss of income for these social class they become relatively worse off compared to higher income earners as they struggle to cater for their day to day needs, therefore contributing to poverty and overall inequality in income distribution. Unemployment is associated with many of the most serious and personal social problems in Australia. Among families and individuals, especially those who suffer from long-term unemployment, there is an increased incidence of social problems; including homelessness/housing problemssever financial hardshipfamily tensionserosion of confidence and self esteemincreased levels of debtloss of work skills making it all the more difficult to re-enter the workforceincreased social isolationpoor health, psychological disorders and suicideThese social problems have an economic cost for the community as a whole, since more resources must be directed towards dealing with them. Money to be spent on resurrecting peoples lives takes away funds from satisfying community wants. All in all, unemployment is one economic issue which has to be looked at very closely, as the consequences listed above are just some of the realities brought about by unemployment. â€Å"Discuss Australias recent unemployment performance.†Even though Australia has low unemployment rate in comparison to other OECD countries, unemployment has been a significant economic policy challenge in Australia for the past three decades. Australia began experiencing low unemployment rates during the 1960s and early 1970s, however an increase in unemployment figures gradually occurred during the mid 1970s. For the last 25 years to 2006 Australias unemployment rate has averaged 8%. However the current unemployment rate fell to its lowest in 30 years, to approximately 4.7% in 2006-2007, proving it has entered a new era of sustained unemployment due to sustained economic growth. During the 1990s the unemployment rate peaked at 10.7%, the highest level since the great depression due to the severe recession in Australia and the global economy. Falling AD resulted in the closure of many firms and cutbacks in production, which led to cutbacks in labour therefore increasing unemployment. Australias slow progress on unemployment during this period was also due to the strength of labour productivity growth which meant businesses were able to increase their output without hiring new staff. Through the extensive structural change and micro economic reform unemployment during this period worsened. As new technologies emerged and production techniques changed people who lost their job found it more difficult to obtain new jobs in emerging industries. Since the 1990s recession, Australias unemployment levels have been falling gradually due to its consistent economic growth levels over the past 15 years bringing unemployment to its minimum level of approximately 4.8%. Australia needs economic growth rates of at least 3.75% in order to make progress in reducing unemployment. This only occurs as unemployment can only be reduced if AD (economic growth) exceeds the total of productivity growth plus growth in the labour force. This relationship is mainly referred to as Okuns Law. Since the beginning of this decade, productivity growth has been much slower, which has meant the unemployment rate has continued to fall even though economic growth has only averaged around 3%. Over the last 5 years, Australias unemployment rate has remained below the OECD average but many countries still have lower unemployment levels including Ireland New Zealand  and Japan. â€Å"Assess the policy options available to the government to achieve a sustained reduction in the level of unemployment†The labour markets ability to sustain low unemployment is a result of improved Macroeconomic Policy frameworks and extensive Microeconomic Reform over a long period of time. Macroeconomic Policy allows the government to alter aggregate demand in the economy through the use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy. As 8 out of the last 9 budgets have achieved a Fiscal Balance, our 2004-05 Budget has a relatively small surplus with payments being sent, totalling to 1% of GDP, at the end of the financial year and the cash rate has been below 5.5% for 39 months the Howard government have held Macroeconomic Policy in expansionary ground for a substantial period of time. This has resulted in 13 years of strong sustainable economic growth and, thus, elimination of cyclical unemployment. Monetary Policy assists by smoothing out the business cycle and reducing fluctuations in aggregate demand. The RBA has chosen to maintain low interest rates because of the effects higher interest rates would have on unemployment, among other factors. Over the past three years Australia experienced a Real Estate boom. This has resulted in a major growth in debt and construction in Australia. An increase in interest rates for many of the heavily indebted would dramatically reduce their disposable incomes, hence reducing aggregate demand and causing unemployment. Also within the last 12 months 9 out of every 10 jobs created was in construction, meaning massive job loss should interest rates rise. Furthermore this will affect many other industries such as retail and whitegoods, which have benefited from this increased demand. Fiscal Policy enables the government to inject revenue into regions or specific groups within the economy. The Budget 2004-05 aims to address demands by increasing participation and productivity through a number of initiatives. One of the major incentives that will impact upon unemployment is the reduction of the Welfare Trap. This addresses mainly low and  middle-income families that remain unemployed, as they are financially better off just receiving welfare. The package will increase the incentives to take on additional work, seek advancement, acquire skills and ultimately increase the labour force participation rate. Microeconomic Policies are policies aimed at individual industries that are seeking to improve efficiency and productivity of the producers. These have allowed governments to deregulate the Labour Market as previously the over-regulated and inflexible labour market and wage determination process was viewed as damaging to the Labour Market. The introduction of the WORKPLACE RELATIONS ACT 1996 aims to decentralise the Workplace Relations System by discouraging the use of third parties, such as the AIRC. Instead the Australian Government are encourging encouraging employers and employees to reach outcomes based on the circumstances of their particular enterprise or organisation. Formal collective agreements can be made directly between employers and employees, known as Australian Workplace Agreements. Although these agreements must meet a global no-disadvantage test, to ensure the agreement isnt unlawful or less favourable, the agreement is largely between the employer and employee. Workplace agreements have contributed to improved productivity, higher real wages and greater access to family-friendly provisions. Previously rigid award regulations have been simplified. A safety net is ensured, providing minimum standards to protect employees (especially the low-paid). The actual terms and conditions are, however, determined by an agreement at the workplace. The WORKPLACE RELATIONS ACT also makes compulsory union membership illegal, allowing employees greater fredom of choice. This has also contributed to the declining power of the unions. The WORKPLACE RELATIONS ACT now protects businesses from unlawful industrial action. This has lead to reducing strikes to the lowest levels in Australias history. Unfair dismissal laws have been replaced with a new fair go all  round law, as it was found this law had contributed to the loss of at least 77,000 jobs in small businesses. Through the introduction of the Job Network inefficiencies of job training and placement were reduced. With more efficient Labour market Services the unemployed were able find desired positions faster, hence reducing Frictional unemployment. The Work-for-the-Dole Scheme is part of the Howard Governments mutual obligation principle. This requires 18 to 24 year olds that have been on benefits for more than six months to participate in and activity in addition to job search. This has assisted over 200,000 unemployed to rebuild self-confidence, and develop work ethic and skills Although this does encourage regeneration of work habits the Work-for-the-Dole Scheme conveys very few technical or vocational skills. The New Apprenticeship Scheme has also benefited by organising apprenticeships for 70% of school leavers that dont go to university. The Government also provides businesss that employ those previously unemployed with wage and training subsidies to provide incentive for employers taking a risk on the unemployed. Bibliography -Australian Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade (http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/australia/index.html – Australian Facts). http://www.oecd.org/country/0,3021,en_33873108_33873229_1_1_1_1_1,00.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/document/28/0,2340,en_2649_34569_37147228_1_1_1_1,00.htmlBooks-† TIm Dixon† Australian Economics 2007

Should America as a country promote the use of a single language Essay

Should America as a country promote the use of a single language - Essay Example We can think of America as a colorful bride having colors and feelings of internal emotions, internal true love and adorance as America is a dreamland of all the cultures presenting multiple linguistics. It is rather to be found in the extent of the power of a language that power is lies in the numbers of speakers, which is directly bound to the power of the literary language by which means a language is able to extend its influence over large territories and to get more speakers, in ever-widening circles, until, of course, the language becomes a world language. The use of multiple languages should be promoted in American society because there is a need for the society to think about those criteria in which people from all over the world along with different colors of racial and cultural freedom bring with them their feelings to be communicated in their own language so that they think of America a

How to break an unhealthy habit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to break an unhealthy habit - Essay Example Scott (2008) advised that a 30 day trial should be planned to cease the habitual action. The individual should be persistent about resisting the habit and should try to divert his attention to an alternate thing. Replacing the need with an alternative is an important step in break bad habits, such as reducing time to watching TV will require an alternate source for finding information and entertainment. It is also advised to focus on one habit at a time and make rules to ensure fruitful results. The rules to break an unhealthy habit need to be kept simple to ensure that they shall be followed over an elongated period of time. Who doesn’t like a reward at the end of an ordeal? A friend should be given a certain amount of money that can serve as one’s reward at the successful breaking of an unhealthy habit. In the end, it would not be wrong to state that the traits of perseverance and will power bear great relevance in breaking any unhealthy habit since the individual usually finds himself longing for the desired action. The habit should be planned to be broken with an incremental approach, thus increasing the 30 day trial to 2 months, 3 months and so on. Losing unhealthy habits can result in a healthier and productive society that can progress at a greater

Experiement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experiement - Essay Example When others seemingly terminated the conversation before its natural end, it was very difficult not to admit that I had been conducting an experiment – I was reluctant to allow others to think I had changed my conversational style permanently. It felt quite patronizing, because others seemed to feel as though I felt the need to simplify their sentences so they would understand parts of the conversation. I also felt as though it was unnecessary during some conversations, because the nature of the topic was so simple that paraphrasing would add confusion. I also felt that conversations became quite unnatural and forced on my side, because of the extra thought that was required to add the paraphrasing element into natural speech. Overall, after paraphrasing had become more natural, it was not difficult or particularly traumatizing to use. During the course of a conversation, the other participant would not notice initially, and then begin to act strangely and some even terminated the conversation before it seemed to reach its natural end. However, during shorter conversations, it seemed to comfort some, as though I was highlighting how well I understood them, and perhaps even made it seem as though I was empathizing well. No hostility was shown by others, although there was definitely a feeling of confusion when paraphrasing was used often (particularly during descriptive conversations. Paraphrasing conversations did not have any lasting effects on interpersonal relationships. When paraphrasing was used when talking to people that I do not have a close personal relationship, the previously mentioned empathy seemed to improve these relationships. When paraphrasing those who I talk to regularly, the obvious change in my conversational style may have had a negative effect at the time of the conversation, but once the experiment had stopped it was easy to resume

Biochem question and answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biochem question and answer - Assignment Example Milk proteins are digested in the stomach and duodenum by proteolytic enzymes into peptides and finally amino acids that are absorbed in the small intestines. Bile salts emulsify fats after which pancreatic lipase breaks them into fatty acids and glycerol molecules that are absorbed in the ileum. The sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose in the duodenum by enzyme sucrase, and the monosaccharides are absorbed in the ileum (Digestion and absorption, n.d.). Apples and carrots contain vitamins and mineral salts, which do not undergo digestion, but are directly absorbed into the small intestines. Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway, which utilizes energy from the oxidation of food to produce ATP. All the electrons from NADH and FADH2 go to the oxidative phosphorylation cycle following release from the TCA cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation takes electrons from these molecules and transfers them to oxygen, making ATP in the process. This process occurs in the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized into NAD+ and FAD, whereas oxygen is reduced by H+ ions into water. NAD-linked dehydrogenases remove electrons from substrates to NAD in reversible reactions. The malate-aspartate shuttle or the alpha-glycerol phosphate shuttle conveys electrons from NADH outside the mitochondria (the two complexes involved in the process). Blood supplies oxygen to the process. A specific translocase exchanges ADP outside the mitochondria for ATP inside the mitochondria. The end products are water, ATP, and NAD+ or FAD. Cyanide, azide, and CO are metabolic poisons, which are so toxic t o us because they block the transfer of electrons to oxygen hence inhibiting the whole process (Gilbert,